+ Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York USA -- Department of Information Studies
- Ph.D, June 1981
+ Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York USA -- Department of Information Studies
- Masters of Library Science (MLS), May 1980
+ Cornell University, Ithaca, New York USA -- Department of Computer Science
- M.S. in Computer Science, June 1977
+ University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland USA -- Department of Arts and Sciences
- B.S. with a Mathematics major, June 1974